Emergency Medicine Concepts and Principles Research Paper

Emergency Medicine Concepts and Principles - Research Paper Example Emergencies – Emergencies, on the other hand are events which usually threaten public health, safety, and welfare (Department of Environmental Management, n.d). These incidents differ from each other in terms of size, location, and their causes, as well as impact; however, despite these considerations, they usually all impact negatively on the environment. Emergencies are also considered as unexpected events which impact negatively on the lives and properties of people, and eventually they prompt the use of community emergency and routine responses as well as procedures (Emergency Management Institute, n.d). Examples for emergencies include: forest fires, outbreaks of diseases, road blocking landslides, and floods covering towns and farms (Central Coast Center Independent Living, n.d). In Australia, in the two landslides which occurred from 1939 to 2007, about 28 individuals were killed and 101 other individuals significantly impacted (CRED, 2007). Wildfires numbering 28 were seen from 1939 to 2007, this caused the death of 300 people, and caused damages amounting to about 1.2 million US dollars (CRED, 2007). Disasters – Disasters are â€Å"a condition or situation of significant destruction, disruption and/or distress to a community† (Emergency Management Australia (2004, p. ix). In a similar vein, the United Nations (1992) consider disasters to be incidents which seriously interrupt the normal activities of society as they cause significant human and environmental losses – more than what can normally be handled by the community resources. Beachley (2005) enumerated the following as disasters: floods, extreme range of temperatures, epidemics, multiple car crashes, and environmental contamination through chemical agents. In... There are various principles and concepts which define and govern disasters and emergencies. Basically, disasters and emergencies are unexpected events which have a significant effect on various individuals and large communities. These disasters impact significantly on the lives of many people. They bring about physical as well as psychological effects. Emergency management helps authorities cope with these disasters and it helps people recover and prepare for these emergencies. Emergency management is important because most communities face a persistent hazard and risk for losses from emergencies and disasters. These hazards may come in the form of natural threats like floods, cyclones, earthquakes, and tsunamis; it also includes technological hazards like chemical, biological, and radiological threats. Australia is situated in an earthquake prone region which it at a continuous threat from earthquakes and tsunamis, as well as volcanic eruptions. It is also in a region likely to be hit by storms which lead to floods and landslides. It s humid temperature also places it at a higher risk for suffering bushfires. With adequate planning and coordination, the prevention and management of these incidents are ensured. The prepared communities are communities which have managed to make the necessary plans for these emergencies. The systems in this community are coordinated and the local as well as national agencies are linked with each other. With these plans in place, it is possible for people and communities to minimise the impact of disasters and emergencies.

Through the Years - from High School to Adulthood Article

Through the Years - from High School to Adulthood - Article Example During those times we had very little worries. Sometimes we thought school work was hard, but we learned in the future that it only gets more challenging during and after the college years. I remember that college was a hot topic of discussion in the last year of high school. We supported each other a lot and the advice of our friends provided great input to help us decide what to study and at which university. Throughout the years our friendship and comradery have not changed. We still care a lot about each other. Social friendship sites such as Facebook have helped a lot of us keep in touch. I like going to our high school page on Facebook to see old pictures of when we were back in high school. I phone call a lot of old high school classmates at least once a month. High school helps built lasting relationships. Over the years we have had many mini-reunions and get together. High school reunions help people renew old friendships (Lamb & Reeder). Some of our reunions have been very successful, but in others, attendance has been low. Even those that don’t attend always get a taste of what occurred in the event since it is customary for us to send everyone several videos and photos of the event’s activities. There is a log with the emails of all the members of the 1987 graduation class. All classmates are notified of special events such as reunions. During the last 25 years, t he class has held at least one activity every three years. On some years we have had more than one activity. Another medium that was introduced about three years ago was a forum created by one of the classmates who specializes in programming and designing websites. The forum is a great way for us to talk and leave messages for all of us to share. We never forget of any of our friends. Some of the members never attend the activities of the class of 1987 and some are not users of Facebook. We never forget about any of the girls.

Legal and Regulatory Environment in Human Resource Management Essay - 10

Legal and Regulatory Environment in Human Resource Management - Essay Example In my opinion, the case Jennifer has filed against her employer will not hold water and she is likely to lose it because firstly, she is no longer part of the workforce in the company and secondly, there is no concrete evidence of her harassment reported to the authorities before leaving the company. Thirdly, her reasons for resigning are unclear to the management even though she claims the sexual harassments from the senior partner instigated her exit from the company even after six months of enduring through this harrowing experience. It is unlawful to discriminate someone on the basis of pregnancy, childbirth or such medical conditions. Pregnancy is considered a disability in most cases and in the case of Theresa Thomas; I would advise her to sue the school management especially the principal for discriminating and dismissing her on unsatisfactory grounds. The principal should have questioned the reasons why her ratings have dropped suddenly than dismissing her without even checking her track record. It would have been fair if her previous ratings were matched with the current ones and a SWOT analysis done about the ones at hand. Theresa should inform the board of governors of the school about her dissatisfaction with the improper dismissal and if no action is taken, a lawsuit will be convenient to air out her issues in court, which will end up in a win-win situation that is getting her job back and being compensated for damages. The two lawyers have the right to observe their religious doctrines freely since religion is a culture that cuts across all races regardless of where one comes from. Religious discrimination might be a tricky subject for many employers but federal and government discrimination laws always have special considerations and adjustments regarding this dress code in relation to religion.  

Homelessness in the United States Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Homelessness in the United States - Essay Example In addition to this, the opinions about the appropriate salary of both the employer and employee do not coincide. Thus, young people are looking or a job but they cannot get through it. As a result it pushes them to work illegally, to commit a crime or to take drugs and at the end it results in poverty or housing problems. The main task of the government should be the creation of working places for young people in order to bring new ideas to our economy. Another one problem is that the world is facing a drug crisis. There are more young people becomes addicted today than ever before. There are three main types of drugs hard, soft and legal. They can all cause addiction, serious illness and even death. Hard drugs include heroin, cocaine, LSD. To soft drugs we relate marijuana, solvents, ecstasy. Tobacco, alcohol and certain tranquilizers are in the group of legal drugs (Drugs.ie). Thousands of drug-addicts die every year. Some die from drugs themselves, while others die from AIDS. Nev ertheless, those people are dangerous because they may infect others. In addition to this a problem of homelessness appeared. Such category of people includes those who cannot afford to pay a house rent, those who have no personal identification documents and so forth. In this occasion such people come to the street in search of free accommodation. Usually people may be frightened of them without understanding the background and as a result they will not help them. Moreover, the problem of criminality exists.  

Cyber Security Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 1

Cyber Security - Term Paper Example With the development of science and technology, the possibility of cyber threat increases. Cyber criminals vary from organized group of hackers supported by various kinds of political, ethical or retaliatory motives to virtual robbery activities, inspired by financial gain. It is vital for organizations to understand the profile and mode of operations of targeted areas. According to Martin (2013), â€Å"Targeted, organized and long-term threats categorized as â€Å"advanced persistent threats† can be a significant problem due to sophisticated technology, expert attackers and potentially Nation State sponsorship† (p.1). The main objective of this paper is to analyze the concept of cyber security in association with a recent international event. It analyses the possible threats that people may face in cyberspace. The paper seeks to answer questions related to cyber security such as: who is been harmed and by whom, what is the harm/causation, what is the broader implication of the harm and what is the major moral issue on hand. Most importantly, it will discuss how companies use such as rights theory, justice theory, an ethics of character, and an ethics of care while relating the same about the particular incident. The concept of cyber security in modern world is important to understand cyber threat. Cyber security is developed to protect the individual users as well as companies. The term cyber threat can be defined as an outsiders attempt to hamper the normal operation of any particular system which is designed to help the normal activities of the people in a society. Cyber threats can be a great danger for the financial sector, government, and the army. In countries such as USA, the statistics associated with the cyber-crime is increasing rapidly. With the situation so alarming, the President of USA, Barack Obama forced to declare the month of

Literary Devices Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Literary Devices - Essay Example Sir Arthur Conan uses the literary devise of mood to create suspense in the reader, while going through â€Å"the hound of the Baskervilles.† The author develops a ghostly, unnatural, and a supernatural mood right from the onset of the literature. For example, Dr. Mortimer is portrayed as acting in unnatural ways – for example, in his attempt to unveil the mysterious curse. This expresses a mood of ghostly nature to enhance suspense, as it is not human to be luminous (Doyle 11). Doyle (24) says, â€Å"There stood a foul thing, a great black beast, shaped like a hound† The foul thing is included to draw a fearful mood, to enhance the suspense. â€Å"To take on the father of evil himself would be too ambitious†¦you must admit the footprint was material (Doyle 37).† This line seeks to develop a mood of fear, which enhances the suspense to read on. Through the three quotes, a supernatural mood is clearly depicted. For example, he writes of a black beast à ¢â‚¬â€œ shaped like a hound, yet larger than any hound ever seen. Through developing the mood of the story, Holmes is depicted as learning new supernatural experiences, which are used to heighten the suspense developed in the reader. Through the suspense developed in the reader, their interest to keep reading is grasped. This shows how mood is used to breathe more life into the story. Pablo Neruda, in her poem â€Å"Alturas de Macchu Picchu,† presents different counts of imagery, which enhances the creativity of his work. The quote, â€Å"like a sword sheathed in meteors,† shows the imagery of earthly and heavenly objects. Also, this quote, â€Å"I plunged my turbulent and tender hand,† tries to create a picture of the author’s hand. The examples presented show that Neruda uses imagery to instill more creativity into his poems, which captivates his readers into his poetry (Hogan). The literary device of tone, as portrayed in Sarojini Naidus â€Å"the Call to Evening

Charles Darwin and the Theory of Evolution Essay Example for Free

Charles Darwin and the Theory of Evolution Essay In the 1850s, Charles Darwin proposed his theory of evolution. His theory proposed that species evolved gradually through subtle changes from one generation to the next by means of natural selection. By natural selection, the most desirable hereditary traits become more common from one generation to the next while the less desirable, weaker traits die out. This gives rise to an organism that is more capable—fitted to—of surviving in the surrounding environment. At the time Darwin formulated his idea beginning with his trip on the HMS Beagle in the 1830s, some scientists resorted to the idea that God had preordained life by natural laws rather than by miraculous feats. While logical and correct, the idea still refers to a divine power, indicating a religious bent, so perhaps it was obvious that the ideas addressed could lead to religious controversy. As is common in science, Darwin’s concept arose from ideas garnered from a number of scientists of his time. Some researchers of the time believed that natural laws were responsible for life. While Darwin’s ideas did not account for the processes believed to account for life at the time, there was a theory at the time thought to account for life. Most thought that species were transmuted from one species into another. The problem with transmutation, an idea that is similar to evolution in some respects, is that a species may change through transmutation, but it will still be the same species. A dog may change into a different type of dog, but it will still be a dog; likewise, for a cat or any other species. Evolution dictates that the entire animal kingdom can grow through stages from one species into another over time. Birds came from reptiles, mammals came from birds and humans came from non-humans. (Lewontin, 1981) The data is unequivocal. During his voyage on HMS Beagle, Darwin found fossil remains of gigantic mammals that were recently extinct with no indication that their extinction had been caused by climate changes or catastrophic events. Although he believed that the remains he found were related to species in Africa or Europe, examination of the remains Darwin found showed that they were only related to other species found only in the Americas. Creationists insist that life came about from God in six days. While most evolutionists attack creationism on the grounds of scientific facts, there is another line of evidence virtually unnoticed by those who support evolution theory. Historians and archeologists have learned that the biblical story of creation came from the myths of another culture. Stories presented in the Bible evolved slowly over time, long before religions existed, and incorporated tales from many cultures. The story of the Garden of Eden, the serpent and the Tree of Life, for example, are said to have been depicted on an Akkadian Cylinder Seal nearly 2500 years before Christ. The serpent itself was viewed as a deity. Notice: No one familiar with the mythologies of the primitive, ancient, and Oriental worlds can turn to the Bible without recognizing counterparts on every page, transformed, however, to render an argument contrary to the older faiths. In Eves scene at the tree, for example, nothing is said to indicate that the serpent who appeared and spoke to her was a deity in his own right, who had been revered in the Levant for at least seven thousand years before the composition of the Book of Genesis. There is in the Louvre a carved green steatite vase, inscribed c. 025 BC by King Gudaea of Lagash, dedicated to a late Sumerian manifestation of this consort of the goddess, under his title Ningizzida, Lord of the Tree of Truth. p. 9. The Serpents Bride. Joseph Campbell. Occidental Mythology, The Masks of God. Arkana. New York. Viking Penguin Books. 1964, 1991 reprint The information in the Old Testament dates from about 1450 BC until 200 BC. This means that, contrary to the strongly held beliefs of most Christians, the creation story of Genesis is actually derived from the myths of ancient Sumerians. Therefore, the story is a myth. This means that those who against Darwin’s ideas on religious grounds based on their beliefs in the accuracy of the story in Genesis have unknowingly chosen to accept myth over facts. While they believe the myth to be factual, archeological evidence demonstrates otherwise. The scientific evidence leans heavily in support of Darwin’s ideas. While we may not fully understand some aspects behind the mechanism of evolution, we are continuously learning more about those mechanisms. (Dobzhansky, 1973) Dobzhansky states: Let me try to make crystal clear what is established beyond reasonable doubt, and what needs further study, about evolution. Evolution as a process that has always gone on in the history of the earth can be doubted only by those who are ignorant of the evidence or are resistant to evidence, owing to emotional blocks or to plain bigotry. By contrast, the mechanisms that bring evolution about certainly need study and clarification. There are no alternatives to evolution as history that can withstand critical examination. Yet we are constantly learning new and important facts about evolutionary mechanisms. Theodosius Dobzhansky, â€Å"Nothing in Biology Makes Sense Except in Light of Evolution†, American Biology Teacher vol. 35 (March 1973) reprinted in Evolution versus Creationism, J. Peter Zetterberg ed. , ORYX Press, Phoenix AZ 1983. Darwin (1859) believed that whales evolved from bears based on a scenario where selective pressures might cause this evolution, but he was criticized for this idea and removed the suggestion. Gould, 1995) Today, there is much more fossil evidence for the evolution of many species thus supporting the idea of evolution as a general biological principle, including the evolution of whales from lower animals. Evidence in support of evolution exists at many levels. There is paleontological evidence based on fossils, morphological evidence that relate the body morphology of higher animals to lower animals, evidence from molecular biology and from embryology. Added to this, the chronological picture that results is consistent with other lines of evidence. For example, the evidence for the evolution of whales from lower animals is convincing. Whales have been closely studied with respect to evolution. If evolution is valid, transitional stages from one level of evolution to another should exist. Although the fossil remains of whales spotty for a long time, recent fossil discoveries have more than adequately lent support to the concept of evolution for whales. Researchers state that independent lines of evidence from different disciplines confirm the pattern of evolution in whales. John Ray recognized that whales were mammals rather than fish in 1693 based on their similarity to terrestrial mammals. (Barnes, 1984) In 1883, Flower (see Barnes, 1984) found that whales had vestigial characteristics in common with terrestrial mammals just as humans have vestigial tails, the coccyx. Findings similar to these led to the concept of ‘ontogeny recapitulates phylogeny. ’ This concept is briefly explained in further detail below. Flower (1883) recognized that the whales have persistent rudimentary and vestigial features characteristic of terrestrial mammals, thus confirming that the direction of descent was from terrestrial to marine species. On the basis of morphology, Flower also linked whales with the ungulates; he seems to have been the first person to do so. Today, we know that whales have vestigial features in common with lower animals. For example, they have vestigial olfactory nerve, protruding hind limbs, pelvic fins and diaphragms. Like humans, during embryological development, whales develop features similar to lower animals and abandon them as development progresses. During their development, there is also evidence that whales have terrestrial ancestors. Some whales even develop hair while in the womb although they do not retain it. In 1985, Goodman et al. demonstrated that whales are more closely related to ungulates than to other animals. (Goodman, 1985; Miyamoto and Goodman, 1986) Some studies have identified genes, enzymes and other proteins that connect whales to extinct animals. (Irwin et al. 991; Irwin and Arnason, 1994; Milinkovitch, 1992; Graur and Higgins, 1994; Gatesy et al, 1996; Shimamura et al. , 1997) We have already noted above that the creation story in the Bible was taken from the text of an ancient culture that predates the Hebrew account. Rather than to openly acknowledge that the Bible’s story of creation is a mythical legend that explains evolution and the appearance of life on ea rth, some religious groups resort to far-fetched, fictitious, generally ridiculous concepts such as ‘creationism’, ‘creation science’ and ‘intelligent design’ to dismiss or explain away the science and replace it with fantasy. Embryology and developmental biology have a concept, ‘ontogeny recapitulates phylogeny’, that simplifies and briefly but succinctly expresses the concepts presented in the first chapter of Genesis. This is like explaining a complicated scientific concept, take conception and birth for example, to a little child by using a fairy tale rather than detailed research information. The fairy tale is not accurate, but the general information it communicates is true. With this single phrase, the first chapter of Genesis is summarized and explained. The phrase means that the embryological processes of development, ontogeny, depict and encapsulate the evolutionary history of the species, phylogeny. For example, during development of the human embryo, the fetus briefly has gills and a tail like its phylogenetic ancestors. In other words, during development, the developing embryo goes through some of the same stages that humans went through as the species developed from lower animals to humans. The concept makes perfect sense and explains many aspects of human development. Obviously, we cannot provide a comprehensive review of the evidence support evolution in a few pages, and we certainly cannot provide realistic evidence against it in light of all that exists to support it. While the evidence in support of the evolution of whales is plentiful, much evidence exists for evolution in general, including in humans. As has been reported here, the evidence is not just from scientific research, but also from archeology and history. That evidence shows, among other things, that the biblical story of creation in Genesis predates the Bible by hundreds of years. Despite all the evidence in support of evolution and against the idea of the biblical creation as being anything more than a myth, we can be certain that the argument in support of the biblical creation as being the real story and representing the real facts will not go away. Humans being what we are, we will always be faced with living with the Genesis myth as if it were fact, and coping with those who insist that the earth all the universe was created in six literal days. That concept certainly will never go away no matter what facts exist to disprove it.